Spiritual Warfare
Before we can really understand spiritual warfare we need to take a brief look into the history of the Israelite nation as found in the Old Testament. The books of Exodus to Deuteronomy show us the journey of the Children of Israel from the bondage of Egypt to the promised land of Canaan.
The tenth plague that God brought upon Egypt to cause them to let the Israelites leave Egypt was the angel of death slaying all the firstborn. The only way that any house could avoid death was by placing the blood of a lamb on the door posts and lintel of the house. Where ever the angel of death saw the blood he had to pass over that house without slaying anyone in it. It wasn’t a matter of, “Don’t slay the Israelites,” but rather, “Don’t slay anyone under the protection of the blood.”
So the Israelites were saved from death by faith in the blood.
When they left Egypt, God took them the long way round to avoid the Philistines attacking them and causing them to go back to Egypt. God is merciful to us and doesn’t take us straight into spiritual warfare when we first get saved.
They came to the Red Sea and God opened the Red Sea to them that they might escape Egypt and that Egypt might be cut off from pursuing them. The Red Sea is a type of our water baptism (see 1 Corinthians 10: 2).
They came through the Red Sea and camped at a place called Marah. However they found they could not drink the waters of Marah because they were bitter. When they cried to the Lord, the Lord showed Moses a tree which he cast into the waters and the waters were made sweet. The cross of the Lord will remove bitterness from our lives.
They moved from Marah to Elim where there were twelve wells of water and seventy palm trees. Elim was a place of refreshment for the Children of Israel.
They journeyed from Elim to the Wilderness of Sin which is between Elim and Sinai. Here they complained to Moses because they had no meat or bread as they did in Egypt. God gave them quails in the evening, and, every morning (apart from the Sabbath day), for the next forty years God gave them bread which they called Manna. Christ is that bread and every morning we should feast off Him.
They left the Wilderness of Sin and journeyed to a place called Rephidim but there was no water to drink so the people complained to Moses, and God told Moses to go to the rock in Horeb and that He would stand on the rock and Moses must strike the rock with his rod and water would come out. That rock is Christ who had to be smitten for us, and who, when He was exalted, sent the Holy Spirit to strengthen His people.
The next thing that happened was that Amalek came and fought with Israel. Moses went up to the top of a hill with Aaron and Hur and held his rod in the air. While ever his hands were held up Israel prevailed but when his hands were lowered due to tiredness then Amalek prevailed. Aaron and Hur supported the hands of Moses until the sun went down, and Israel, led by Joshua, defeated Amalek. When we receive the Holy Spirit then the powers of darkness will attack us to stop us from going further, however Christ is in heavenly places interceding for us. We are also in heavenly places interceding for one another, more on this later.
The children of Israel journeyed to Sinai where Moses went up Mount Sinai and received the Law. They also built the tabernacle, the Ark of the Covenant, and all the furnishings etc. After two years the Children of Israel left the Wilderness of Sinai and journey to the Wilderness of Paran. From Kadesh, in the Wilderness of Paran, Moses sent out twelve men from the twelve tribes of Israel to spy out the land of Canaan, the land that God had promised to the Children of Israel.
Fear and Unbelief Stop the Progress.
After forty days the twelve spies came back to give their report about the land. They brought back a branch with a large cluster of grapes on it; they also brought back pomegranates and figs. They said it truly was a land flowing with milk and honey; however ten of these men came back with a negative report saying that the people in the land were strong and the cities were fortified, moreover all the men in it are of great stature and there were giants in the land. They caused the Israelites to become afraid and want to go back to Egypt.
Two of the spies, Caleb and Joshua, believed God and tried to calm the people, exhorting them not to fear the inhabitants of the land but rather to trust God to give them the land as He had promised. The people listened to the ten who had no faith and were full of fear. They refused to go any further.
God was wrath with the people and said that, apart from Caleb and Joshua, everyone who was twenty years old and upward would die in the wilderness and it would be their children that would inherit the land.
The reason they didn’t enter the Promised Land was because of their unbelief.
The Children of Israel spent another thirty eight years wandering around the wilderness till that generation died, before they were allowed to enter the Promised Land.
The Promised Land Represents the Promised Rest .
Having reviewed the history of the Israelites from Egypt to the Promised Land, let us look at what we can learn from it. To do this we need to move from the Old Testament to the New Testament, but first we need to look at Psalm 95: 7b-11.
“Today if you will hear His voice: do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion, as in the day of trial in the wilderness, when your fathers tested Me; They tried Me, though they saw My work. For forty years I was grieved with that generation, and I said, ‘It is a people who go astray in their hearts, and they do not know My ways.’ So I swore in My wrath, ‘They shall not enter My rest.’”
Here God has shown that the land of promise is the land that He calls ‘My rest’.
When we move into the New Testament we find in the book of Hebrews chapter 3:7-11 that the writer quotes the paragraph from Psalm 95.
The writer to the Hebrews gives the conclusion why they could not enter the Promised Land which the Holy Spirit now calls ‘His rest’. Chapter 3: 16-19 says, “For who, having heard, rebelled? Indeed, was it not all that came out of Egypt, led by Moses? Now with whom was He angry forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose corpses fell in the wilderness? And to whom did He swear that they would not enter His rest, but to those who did not obey? So we see that they could not enter in because of unbelief.”
When it says, “Who did not obey,” it is not talking about obeying commandments but that they did not hearken to God’s word.
So once again we see that all those who did not believe God’s word did not enter into the Promised Land, but died in the wilderness because of their unbelief.
In Hebrews 4: 9-11, we read, “There remains therefore a rest for the people of God. For he who has entered His rest has himself also ceased from his works as God did from His. Let us therefore be diligent to enter that rest, lest anyone fall according to the same example of disobedience.” In other words we need to be diligent to enter God’s rest, which means, that when we rest in Him, we cease from our own works as God did from His when He created the heavens and earth and everything in them.
The Israelites, being afraid, did not believe God, so they did not obey His word, only Caleb and Joshua, who believed God, where allowed to enter His rest.
So what is this Promised Land, or rest, as it is now called? We need to know so we can enter in.
In John 15:4-5, Jesus said, “Abide in Me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, unless it abides in the vine, neither can you, unless you abide in Me. I am the vine, you are the branches. He who abides in Me, and I in him, bears much fruit; for without Me you can do nothing.”
In Matthew 11:28-30, Jesus said, “Come to Me, all you who labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For My yoke is easy and My burden is light.”
Jesus Christ is our Promised Land that we need to abide in and bear much fruit. Jesus Christ is our rest and He calls us to come to Him, and promises to give us rest.
Where Christ is, so are we.
So we are called to go to Him, but where is He at this moment in time? He is in heavenly places seated at the right hand of the Father. How do we go to Him?
When we believed on Him, God created us “in Christ Jesus” (Ephesians 2:10). When He died on the cross, we died with Him. We were buried with Him in baptism and we were raised with Him in His resurrection (Romans 6: 1-11). When He ascended to heaven, God also raised us up together, and made us sit together in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus (Ephesians 2:6).
Christ is in Heaven as our High Priest, interceding for us. He is also our advocate defending us against the accusations of the devil. We too are in heavenly places interceding for our brethren and for the ministry.
It has been said that being in heavenly places is synonymous with being in the Spirit. I would agree with that. In Revelation 4:1-2 the apostle John tells us that a door was opened in heaven and a voice said “Come up here” and immediately he was in the Spirit. It is very important that as soon as we have been baptized that we receive the Holy Spirit and of course that we continue to be filled with the Spirit (see Ephesians 5:18-21).
Our Ministry on Earth.
Now our ministry on earth flows out of our “rest” in heaven.
Jesus Christ told His disciples “Whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven” (see Mathew 16:19, 18:18). A better translation, I believe, is found in the NKJV margin and also in other translations, where it reads, “will have been bound — will have been loosed.” In other words, when we bind and loose on earth it is because it has already been bound and loosed in heaven. When Jesus taught the disciples how to pray, He first taught them to pray that the Fathers will, would be done on earth as it is in heaven. Also 1 John 5:14-15 says, “Now this is the confidence that we have in Him, that if we ask anything according to His will, He hears us. And if we know that He hears us, whatever we ask, we know that we have the petitions that we have asked of Him.” In Matthew 7:21 Jesus said, “Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ shall enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of My Father in heaven.” We will look at this more as we deal with our weapons of spiritual warfare.
Preparing for Spiritual Warfare.
We come now to our calling into spiritual warfare from our position “in Christ” in heavenly places. Our ministry on earth is a result of our prayer ministry in heaven. We must also remember that this is the “rest” that we are called to, let us not fall short and refuse to go in as the Children of Israel did because of fear and unbelief. God called them to possess the land about two years after leaving Egypt; another thirty eight years would pass before they finally went in. Although it is called God’s rest, it was actually a calling to warfare. The rest that God calls us to is our rest in Him.
We enter into God’s rest by faith and it is maintained by faith throughout. It is faith in our standing with God, sometimes called objective faith. In other words it is faith in what God says we are in Christ. So often we don’t believe what God says about us. When we believe on Jesus, God reckons our faith as righteousness and justifies us. Romans 4:3 says, “Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness” (JND). Romans 4:23-5:1 says, “Now it was not written on his account alone that it was reckoned to him, but on ours also, to whom, believing on Him who has raised from among the dead Jesus our Lord, who has been delivered up for our offences, and has been raised for our justification, it will be reckoned. Therefore having been justified on the principle of faith, we have peace towards God through our Lord Jesus Christ” (JND).
The Greek word that is here translated “reckoned” can also be translated, accounted, counted, credited, imputed or considered.
In Romans chapter 6, we are told that we have died with Christ and therefore we are united together in the likeness of His death and we shall also be in the likeness of His resurrection. Now because we have died with Christ, we have been freed from sin, therefore we should reckon ourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus our Lord (see verse 11).
So it is all about faith, and reckoning by faith, in what God says we are. We are seated together in heavenly places by faith. We accept that as our new position “in Christ”.
It is when we accept that position that we meet opposition from principalities and powers, from the rulers of the darkness of this age, from spiritual hosts of wickedness in heavenly places. They attack us here on earth. Their objective is to sow unbelief in us, to get us focused on ourselves and on earthly things, to bring us down from our position in the heavenly places. In heavenly places we are involved in intercessory prayer. I recommend that when engaging in intercessory prayer that it is done in twos or threes who are in agreement, rather than by an individual.
Now I want to look back to when the Israelites finally went into the Promised Land after forty years in the wilderness.
The Israelites under their new leader, Joshua, finally and miraculously cross the river Jordan into the Promised Land and they camped at a place they called Gilgal. All the men who came out of Egypt had been circumcised but now they had all died apart from Joshua and Caleb. All those born in the wilderness had not been circumcised therefore God commanded Joshua to circumcise them.
This was important to God that the Children of Israel were circumcised as it was the covenant that God had made with Abraham. God would give them the land of Canaan and all the males of the Children of Israel would be circumcised. Now they are taking possession of the Land of Canaan that God had promised them so they must be circumcised in order to possess the land.
Now, how does this relate to us as we prepare for spiritual warfare?
There are two ways we can fight this warfare, one is by the spirit, and the other is by the flesh. In other words the source of our warfare is the spirit or the flesh, one or the other.
Circumcision represents casting off the flesh. Colossians 2:9-11 says, “For in Him (Christ) dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily; and ye are complete in Him, who is the head of all principality and authority, in whom also ye have been circumcised with circumcision not done by hand, in the putting off of the body of the flesh, in the circumcision of the Christ” (JND version).
Now the works of the flesh are often seen as all the bad things and lustful things that we can get drawn into and away from Christ, but they can also be works that we do to keep the traditions of the church, which make us feel more spiritual, more humble, more religious, this keeps us bound in a false religion that depends on our religious works to make us feel accepted by God (Colossians 2:18-23).
In Galatians chapter 4, the apostle Paul explains the difference between flesh and spirit by two sons born to Abraham. One was born of the bondwoman and one was born of the freewoman. The son of the bondwoman was according to the flesh, while the son of the freewoman was according to the promise, therefore we need to cast out the bondwoman and her son for that which is born of the flesh will not inherit alongside the son of the freewoman.
We cannot mix the flesh and spirit to serve God. We have now come to Gilgal where the flesh must be rolled away, or cast out. I am not talking about outward circumcision of the flesh which the Jews had to do but circumcision of the heart by faith. Romans 2:29 tells us that “circumcision is that of the heart, in the Spirit,” and Philippians 3:3 tells us that “we are the circumcision who worship God in the Spirit, rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh.”
The purpose now is to hold fast to Christ as our Head (see Colossians 2:19). The devil will use any means to separate us from our Head and therefore make us ineffective here on earth.
Christ is the Head of the body therefore the members of the body should only function when led to do so by the Head. We receive our instructions from Christ our Head in heavenly places. Christ is also in our heart here on earth so He should be allowed to reign in and through us here on earth in ministry. Paul said, “I have been crucified with Christ: It is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me; and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself for me.”
The purpose of our warfare on earth is for us to maintain our position in heavenly places, which is where our spiritual walk is maintained from. It is in heavenly places we worship God and intercede for the brethren. Therefore we need to wear the whole armour of God in order to maintain that position. The armour of God is for our protection here on earth.
When I say “warfare on earth,” I am not talking about healing the sick or casting out demons but rather when the devil temps us to walk according to the flesh. it is important that we resist him, and maintain our standing “in Christ”.
Healing the sick and casting out demons is part of our ministry here on earth. The Bible says that “the Son of God was manifested that He might destroy the works of the devil” (1 John 3:8 KJV). The Greek word which is here translated as “destroy”, is the same word as “loose” used in Matthew 16:19, and 18:18 where Jesus gives the disciples power to bind and “loose” on earth. It could also be translated as “undo”.
In Romans 13:12-14, we are told to cast away the works of darkness and put on the armour of light, and then in verse 14 Paul says, “But put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the flesh, to fulfil its lusts.”
Our Spiritual Warfare now Begins.
In Ephesians 6:10-20 we are told to put on the whole armour of God that we may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil, Then from verse 14 Paul mentions the different parts of the armour that are essential to us. He doesn’t explain it in depth but mentions the name of each item. The first is the belt of truth which we need to have girded around our loins. Here we have to brace ourselves against all the lies that the devil will tell. Ephesians 4: 14-16 says, “That we should no longer be children, tossed to and fro and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of men, in the cunning craftiness of deceitful plotting, but, speaking the truth in love, may grow up in all things into Him who is the Head —Christ—from whom the whole body, joined and knit together by what every joint supplies, according to the effective working by which every part does its share, causes the growth of the body for the edifying of itself in love.” Then in verse 21 after warning us not to walk in the futility of our minds but rather, as we have heard Him (Christ) and have been taught by Him, as the truth is in Jesus. Remember, the truth in Jesus will be different from what the devil is saying about us, but it may also be different from how we see ourselves. What God says about us is the truth as we are in Christ Jesus.
The next item of armour that we should have already put on is the breastplate of righteousness. The breastplate covers the heart and in Proverbs 4:23 we are told, “Keep your heart with all diligence, for out of it spring the issues of life.” What goes in eventually comes out. Romans 10:9 says, “that if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead, you will be saved.” We must protect the heart because it is by believing on Jesus with the heart we will be saved. Verse 10 tells us that it is with the heart that one believes unto righteousness. Abraham believed God and it was reckoned to him as righteousness. I am emphasizing believing with the heart because Christ lives in our heart by faith (see Ephesians 3:17). Believing with the heart is a spiritual thing, the flesh has no part of this. Now the Holy One of God is Christ Jesus, the reason we are called saints is because we are “in” Christ Jesus. God created us “in Christ”, our position now is that we are seated in Christ in heavenly places. The warfare we are in, is that the devil wants to undermine our faith and bring us down from being spiritual minded Christians to being carnal Christians walking after the flesh. All that we are, as far as righteousness and holiness goes, is because we are in Christ Jesus. The devil wants us to focus our attention on our selves and on our failings and so cause us to lose our effectiveness as saints. It has a double effect because while ever our faith recognizes our position in Christ in heavenly places then our faith in Christ dwelling in our hearts here on the earth (living through us), is also maintained.
People have different views about the breastplate of righteousness of course, that is alright, I will share my thoughts.
Romans 10:3 tells us that the Jews, “being ignorant of God’s righteousness, and seeking to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted to the righteousness of God.” So what is the righteousness of God that we have to submit to? In Jerimiah 23:5-6 we read, “Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, That I will raise to David a Branch of righteousness; a King shall reign and prosper, and execute judgment and righteousness in the earth. In His days Judah will be saved and Israel will dwell safely; now this is His name by which He will be called: THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS.” So God’s righteousness that we have to submit to is the Lord Jesus Christ
Now some say that the breastplate of righteousness is imputed righteousness. When the Bible talks about imputed righteousness it is talking about our faith being reckoned (imputed) as righteousness by God. When we believe God, God counts it as righteousness. It is the righteousness which is from God by faith. Nowhere does it say that the righteousness of Christ is imputed to us.
Others say that the breastplate is imparted righteousness, in other words, the ability to walk in righteousness because we have been given the Holy Spirit, therefore we should walk in righteousness. That is possibly true, I see it more as Christ our righteousness, which we put on by yielding ourselves to God, for Him to use our members as instruments of righteousness and by doing so we become slaves of righteousness (see Romans 6:13-22). The breastplate of righteousness is something that has been put on at the beginning of our Christian walk which corresponds to our yielding our members to God to be used in righteousness (Romans 6:13). This is a once for all act of obedience right at the beginning of our walk not continually. To protect our heart, the members of our body (our eyes, ears, hands, feet etc.) have to be given over to God to be used for righteousness so that nothing of the world can get through to our heart. Of course that righteousness is Christ Himself. It is Christ Himself in our heart by faith, working through us in acts of righteousness (see 1 Corinthians 1:30). These acts of righteousness obtain for us our wedding garment, “And to her (the Lambs wife) it was granted to be arrayed in fine linen, clean and bright, for the fine linen is the righteous acts of the saints.” (Revelation 19:8).
The next is our feet having been shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace. We should always be ready and prepared to share the gospel when the Lord leads us to.
Those first three should have all been done at the beginning of our walk. The next, the shield of faith, is to be taken up. Ephesians 6:16 says, “Above all, taking the shield of faith with which you will be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked one.” The shield of faith is the large shield that protects the soldier from head to foot, even though the soldier has the breastplate and helmet, he still needs this shield. It is the first line of defence from the attack of the enemy. What are the fiery darts of the wicked one? What is the opposite of faith? The answer is unbelief. What stopped the Israelites from entering the Promised Land the first time was unbelief. These are darts of unbelief lit by fear that will spread if not stopped immediately. Faith in Christ is the answer. We must turn our eyes from the fear and look to Jesus the author and finisher of our faith.
Next that we are told to take is the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit. The helmet of salvation is keeping our mind fixed on Jesus and the salvation He gives us, looking and longing for His return when we will be changed and caught up to meet Him in the air. Meantime we bring every thought into captivity to the obedience of Christ (see 2 Corinthians 10:5).
The sword of the Spirit is the word of God. It is the word God gives us to confess in the time of temptation. To use the right word of God against our enemy is to maintain our position in the heavenly places.
In Ephesians 6:18, the apostle Paul next talks about our weapon of attack. He tells us we need to be, “Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, being watchful to this end with all perseverance and supplication for all the saints.” Praying in the Spirit is praying in heavenly places under the anointing of the Holy Spirit. When praying, the Holy Spirit gives us a burden, according to the will of God, for those who God wants to set free from the bondage of the devil, whether it is for them to be given light to see the truth or whether it is for freedom from sickness. When we pray according to God’s will for whoever God wants us to pray for, then we will start to see the results here on earth. The other items of armour are mostly defensive but praying in the Spirit is going beyond ourselves in ministry to others. Then Paul adds something of an example to us. In verses 19-20 he says, “And for me, that utterance may be given to me, that I may open my mouth boldly to make known the mystery of the gospel, for which I am an ambassador in chains; that in it I may speak boldly, as I ought to speak.” Paul was bound in chains but he wasn’t asking to be free from the chains but rather that he might be given boldness to speak as he ought to speak. Here we are to ask God to bind anything that is stopping our brother from speaking and to open his mouth to proclaim the mystery of the gospel. It is in prayer to God we can ask Him to set our brethren free, not necessarily from their situation but in their situation, to worship Him or function in their ministry. In other words we can intercede for others that God will bind their fear (or anything that is holding them from speaking as they ought) and free them to speak of Him. We need to ask the Father to strengthen our brethren with might by His Spirit in the inner man. It is in prayer in heavenly places that we are kept in the Lord’s will. When we commit our way to the Lord, He will direct our paths.
It is in heavenly places that we can find the will of God for our lives. We can prophesy, do many mighty works, cast out demons even, but that doesn’t mean we are in the will of God. Jesus said, “Not everyone who says to Me, Lord, Lord, shall enter the kingdom of heaven, but He who does the will of My Father in heaven” (see Matthew 7:21-23). Now, as we are growing from a young child in Christ to a mature Christian, we can function by God’s grace in any of the ministry gifts that God has called us to without having to know anything about spiritual warfare in heavenly places. However, as we grow, and when God starts to teach us these things we need to listen to what He is saying and spend time in heavenly places getting to know God’s will, before we start to minister on earth.
Finally, a very brief summing up of what has been said.
God brought the Children of Israel out of Egypt with a purpose, that purpose was to take them into the Promised Land.
The wars of the Children of Israel were mostly about the land that God had promised them. They entered in by faith (believing and trusting God). They maintained their place in the land by faith and by keeping God’s laws, especially not bowing down and serving other god’s.
God has saved us from the world with a purpose, we are the called according to His purpose (Romans 8:28). He has not called us out of the world to leave us to our own devices but that we might be conformed to the image of His Son. Therefore we need to enter into our promised rest.
We enter into our rest by faith, and we maintain our position by keeping Christs commandments which are that we love God and love one another, and above all, that we abide in Jesus. Now, Christ Jesus is the “rest” that we enter in. We recognize that Christ is our Head and we are members of His body. Christ has set us free in liberty therefore we need to stand fast in that liberty and not be brought into bondage. One of the biggest mistakes people make is their emphasis on keeping God’s commandments, or laws. They miss the whole point by not recognizing the difference between flesh and spirit, and therefore they emphasize works as a means of keeping Christ commandments. The point of Romans chapter seven is to deal with a person’s effort to live a holy life by works, when we are supposed to be dead to the law. It is to bring our experience in line with what God says we are. God’s answer is Romans 8, which is, to be led by the Spirit, and also, (v13) to put to death the deeds of the body by the Spirit.. In Galatians 5:16 Paul tells us to walk in the Spirit and we won’t fulfil flesh’s lusts. When someone is going through Romans 7 they come out of it by a deeper revelation of the grace of God, and walking in the Spirit. It is the law of the Spirit of life that sets us free. The difference is, between that of a person struggling to be holy, and that of a person living a naturally holy life. The aim of the devil is to stop us from walking in the Spirit and to bring us to a place of struggling by our own effort to live holy. He does this by first tempting us to sin, if we fall he then piles on the condemnation and shame, telling us we are not worthy to be called God’s children and that God cannot use us now. Then to keep is in a state of bondage he tells us we must try harder. Depression overcomes the child of God and he sinks down into a defeated state, unless of course, he knows God’s word. 1 John 1:7-9 tells us that if we walk in the light as He is in the light, then the blood of Jesus Christ, God’s Son, cleanses us from all sin and if we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness. As soon as we confess our sins to God we are back in a right standing with God. That is how great God’s love is towards us. Christ has done it all, don’t let the devil rob you of being seated together with Christ in heavenly places.
Mark Greenwood
Sheffield
10th February 2023
Contact email: [email protected]
Direct quotes of scripture taken from the New King James Version. Copyright 1982 by Thomas Nelson Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
JND is the J. N. Darby version.